Pump.



1. L. LATTA.

PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED III/III. 24. I9I5.

Patented Fa. 8

z SHEETS-sain I.

ffy,

At'torney J'. L. LATTA.

JOHN L LATTA, OF HICKORY, NORTH CAROLINA.

i PUMP.

Application filed March'24, 1915.

lie it known that l. Joiix L. LATTA, a citizen olf the United States, resii'lineat llicltcry, in the county ot (`atawba and State ot North Carolina, have. invented a new and useful Pump, of which the followingr is a specification.

vr1`he present invention appertains to pumps, and inorc ian-ticularly to pneinnatic displacement pumps..

1t is the object ot the invention to provide a pneumatic displacement pump of novel and ilnlirincd construction, adapted to be submerged in the water or other liquid which is to be elevated, and embodying novel features of construction to enhance the utility and eliicienc f of the structure the resent device being an iniprovenient of the pump disclosed in'iny latent No. 1,000,021, issued August 8, 1911.

' The cardinal feature of the invention resides in the provision ol"v unique means for controlling' the admission and .lischarge ot the compressed' air or other pressure Huid into and out oic the twin or companion cylinders, whereby the water or liquid is Jforced by the air or pressure fluid from one cylinder, while the other cylinder is being filled by the water or fi uid which flows thereinto by gravity.

lt is also within the scopeof the invention to iinpr'ovc the' construction generally iu its details, whereby the structure will operate in a most practical and cl'lcctive manner.

lVithr the 'lorepgoin,e` and other objects which will appear as the description pro-A ceeds. the invention resides in the combination and arrangement oit parts and in the details ot construction hereinafter described and claimed. it heine' understood that changes in the precise embodiment ot the invention herein disclosed can be inadc within the scope ot what is claimed without departinntroni the spirit ot the invention.

The invention is illustrated in the preferred embodiment Iin the accoinpanjting;- drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a verticalor longitudinal section ot the iniproved pump, the upper and lower end portions being` moved out. of alinenient and placed side by side in order that thix details nrrv be illustrated on as large a lscale as possible. it being understood that the right hand portion of Fig. 1 is a con Specification of Letters Patent.

vProteinen non. s, loro.

Serial N0. 16,708.

tinuation of the lower end of the left hand portion of said figure. Fig. 2 is a fragmental side elevation of the pump. portions being broken away and shown in section. Fig. 3 is a cross section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

In carrying` out the present invention, 'there is provided a pair of' parallel co-ex tensive -i/"ertical twin c ilflinders 1 and Q to the upper ends of which is secured a common head 3 having an upstandinn' standard or portion el. A common bottom is secured to the lower ends of the cylinders 1 and 2,

and is provided with water or iluid inlets 6 and 7 for the respective cylinders l and The bottoni 5 is provided with depending enlargement 8 between the inlets or ports (j and 7, and a pair of ducts or'passages 9 extend from therespective cylinders 1 and 2, the ducts or passages 9 and l0 being provided within the bottom and its enlargement or extension 8 in any` suitable manner. The passages 9 and 10 are provided with the downwardly facing valve Seats 11' and 12, against which the respective check vvor ball li'falves 13 and 14 seat upwardly under the influence of the respective springs 15 and 16.

threaded 'or engaged into the lower ends of the passages 9 and 10. The enlargement or portion 8 is provided with a duct or passage 1S communicating with the passages 9 and 10 belowfor beyond the if'alves 13 and'lli, respect-ively, and a pipe 19 has its lower end connected to the bottom 5' to communicate with the passage 18 and has its upper end connected to the head 3 to cornn'iunicate with the lower end of a vertical or longitudinal bore or passage Q0 provided in the head 3 and the opstanding portion thereof. The water or fluid discharge pipe is adapted to be attached to the upper end of theportion 4to communicate with the upper endet the passage 20. the said discharge oifexhaust pipe not being illustrated, but the use theredownwardly over the water inlets@ and 7 the bottom 5 oi the cylinders beingxprovided with suitable `fuides 23 to guide the valves i1 and and lunit their upward movement when unseatinv. The check valves 21 and allot7 thefvva'ter to flow `into the cylinders by gravity. but prevent the water and air iron'i being dischzxrg'ed out of the cylinders through the inlets .6 and 7.

.Disposed `within the respective cylinders l and are the vertical sleeves or tu ular nieinbeis 24 and which are concentric with and spaced from the walls of: the re-V 'lhe sleeves 24 and 25 are also shorter than. the cylinders and have spective cylinders.

' 26 and 27 have the respective central openings 29'aud 30. and the respective valve seats 3l and 32 at the upper ends of the openings 29 and 30. The=valve seats 3l and 32 face upwardly. The respective cylinders l and 2 are provided 'with apertures or openings 84 immediately above the yvalve seats 31 and 32, respectively. A buoyant ball valve is l a .u opening 62 provided in the upper end of the mounted loosely within the sleeve 24, and a similar valve 36 is mounted loosely within the sleeve 25, the valves 35 and 36 being seatable upon the seats Si and 32, respectively, and provide check valves ,for the lower ends of the respective sleeves. A

A. plug or cap 37 is secured to the upper end of each `of the sleeves 24 and 25, and is provided with a recess 38 in which is seated a ball valve 39 which is spaced below thev mouth of the recess 38. The sleeves 24 and 25 are provided with theV vent apertures 40 and 4l immediately below the plugs 37 to allow the water to flow properly into and out of the sleeves. The plugs 37 are provided with upstanding guides pins 42 which are slidable through the respective plates '43 and 44 disposed within the cylinders 1 and 2` Coiled wire expansion springs 45 surround the upper protruding portions of the pins 42 and their lower ends seat upon the respective plates 43 vand 44, while the upper ends of the springs 45'V seat against nuts 46 secured upon the upper ends' of the l ide pins 42. The springs 45 tend to raise the sleeves 24..:ind 25. The .respective plates 43 and 44 areprovidcd ivithdepending nip ples 47 and 48 having the lower valve seats 49 against which the ball valves 39 are adapted to seat For closingthe ducts or passages through the nipples. Pipes or tubes 50 and 51 disposed axially within the respective cylinders l and@ have their lower ends secured to the respective plates 43 and 44 to communicate with the respective nipples 47 and 4S. and the upper ends oi the pipes'50 are secu'red to the head 3.

The head 3 are provided with ducts or passagc'sl and 53 which have their lower lends conmunieating with the upper ends of the respective lest the chamber 59, and the fiange'64 and'its upstandinp portion 4 able manner, and providechambers 58 and..

59 therein. The chamber 58 is the dead nir chamber, while the chamber 59 is the live air chamber. The chamber 59 is sup lied with compressed air or'pressure Hui b means of a pressure fluid pipe (notshown 'engaged into a bore or socket 60 provided in the upper end of the' 'portion 4 betwll the passage 2O and chamber 54, there be'` `a port or passage 61 between the boro and upper end of the chamber 59. The duid 'for spent air is discharged from the uppcr end of the chamber 58 through a port tu' member 56, and a suitable a'ir discharge pipo (not shown) 'may be attached tofthe upper end of the member 56 to allow the all' to,

. pass upwardl to the atmosphere.

An air or pressure fluidr controlling valve.

vwhich is of cylindrical formation, il ]ournaled thnugh the portion 4, so thatl its' ends project lInto the chambers 58 and 59,. The valve 63 is provided with an annuler flange (i4-at .that side of the portion 4y neurseats against a packing (llembedded within the Aportion 45 to prevent the/leakage of-a'ir from the .live air chamber 59 into the deadl 'lit chamber 58. That end portion of the vil" 63 within the chamber 59 is provided with 5"' pair of upper laterally spaced ports 66 und 67 Within the chamberk 59, and thevop end portion ofthe valve 63 is provid with' a pair of upper laterallyispaced ports 68 and .69 within the chamber 58. The valvel 63 is provided with a passage 70 extending down wai-diy from the port 66 to the lower sur face of the valve, and the opposite end portion oi the valve 63 is provided; with a pas sage 71 extending downwardly fromvthe port 68 to the lower surf-ace df the valve. Nipples 74 and 75 are secured to the e'nd portions of .the valve 63 to communica@ 11d with the lower ends of the respective passages 70 and 71 and hose sections or flexible conductors 76 and 1 7 have their upper ends engaged to the respective nipples 7 5 and 74. The lower -ends of the ficxible conductors 76 and 77 are lengaged to the upstnnding nipY ples 7S of' members 70 attachedto the opposite sides oi. the portion 4 within the lower end portions of' the members 56 and 57. The members 7.9 are provided with the respective ducts or passages 8O and 81 extending from i .inmlllllllllll the flexihle conductors 76 and 77 to duets or passagev 82 and 83, respectively, provided 1n rvthe lower end of the portion l and the Ihead 3.

mounted for rotation upon the pintles H1 i within the respective chambers .f3-S and .75). The disks S5V and 8f3 coperate with the respeetive lpairs: of ports GfK-43) and (3ft-JST.

and the disks are sufficiently eoinpressihle or viel-dahle to properly close the ports. That end portion of the valve (S3 within the rhan'iher 58 hasl its upper portion eut away. as at 8G?, so as to bring the portion 86 having the ports (38l and 69 closer to the center of the valve. The portion 86 has a larger radius of curvature than the cylindrical surface of the valve. and the diskhears upon the portion 8G, Thus, when the 'valve (33 is in an inteririediate or neutral position. hoth of the ports (i8 and 69 will be closed li'v the dink S5. -1

The portion is provided with an opening Si between the chamber 54 and the here Si in whieh the valvel (i3 is journaled, and the portion 4 is provided with a duet or passage 8S extending from the opening ST to the dead air rhainher 55; The valve (33 is pro vided with a radiallyr projecting;l finger S9 projecting through the opening 87 into the (fhainher 51 whereby `the valve is adapted to he osrillated hv the device within the elianr ber 54. i

The val vn operating device embodies a piston UO mounted ter 4vert-ical reeiproeation within the ehan'iber 54 and havingr a central or internualiate opening 91 reeeivingy the finger Hf). wherehy when the. piston is re eipiocated it will oseillate the valve (33 propf erl '.l`he piston 5)() hasl suitable 'packing ineaiis'tl! ahove andlielow the opening 91 and engaging the walls Ot' the chamber 5-1 to prevent leakage; The piston 90 is also provided with hores Qtr-passages Sill and 11; extendii'ner from the upper and lower ends,I respectively, ot' the piston to theopeningr 91, and a stem 95 is slidable through theI hores or passages 93 and 94 and is provided at its ends with upper and lower valves 96 and Si?, respeetively, `seatable' againet the respective ends of the piton. The upper end of the chamber 54 is normally closed h v means of a removahle pluier ror'eap 9S which permits access to he had tothe chai'nher 54 when the parte are assembled, or separated. The valve 6J. is provided with a diagonal passage 99 establishing eonununieation between the ports 66 and 69, and is provided with a see- ,ehaniliers 515 and 5H.

ond diagonal pasage 100 establishing corninunieation between the ports (3T and (3S,

In operation'. supposing the (cylinders l and 2 to lie Suhn'ierged in water, and the valve ft-l is 5o set that the Vesper-tive disks H5 and Hf? rover and eloae tlie`ports ft and (H3. with the ports fil' and (if) unrovrred or open. the evlinderay l and 2 would he lu'ou'gfht intov eonunnnieatiou with the reapeetive Thus. vsinee ,the port 1313 is elowd. the live air rauuot flow through the said port. and thel upper end o'tf'tlie i-vlindv-r 2 will thun4 he hrought into eonunuuiration with the dead air rhainher 5S. sini-e this4 eonuuunir'ation i5 established hy thil passage HI. passage H1` flexible eonduetor Ti,

vpas-agri- TU, passage Wand port ($1) whieh is uneowred within the dead air ehan'iher 5S. The evlinder l is in eonuuunieation with the live air ehanlher 5th in view ofl the faut that the port if is uneovered and allowx the air to flow through the passage 1U() into the passage T1.` and sinne the port 53H is elosed, the air will beeonipelled to flow downlwardl v through the passage T1, flexihle eoudui-tor TG passage Sth and passagew into the upped* end of the evlinder 1. For the reason that the upper end o1 the e'vlinder 2 is in ehninuinieation with the dead air ehaniherv 58. the air may readily flow troni the e'vlinder 2 into the ehaniher 5S and thence to the atmosphere. and the water may enter the lower end of the evliuder 2 through the inlet T, the valve 22` heiligv unseated h v the iuflowingr water, and the water passing` upwardlay through the opening 30 of the piston 2T to fill the vlinder 2. Due to the fact that the o vlinder 2 is relieved of aiipressure, the sleeve 25 will he raised under the influent-e of the si'irings l5 so that the respective valve 3f.) will seat against the nipple 4S for closing the passage through the nipple and pipe 5l.. (onequentlyl the cylinder 2 may he readily filled by water whit-,h

flows into the cylinder hy gravity, and the sleeve 25 will also he filled with water sinee the vent aperture 41 allowl the air to escape troni the sleeve 25, and the buoyant hall valve ill', will rise to the upper end of'the sleeve 25 -wheu the. sleeve uheroines Y filled with water. The openinnaI I'l-l allow' the water to llow therethrough`fron1 the lower portion ot the sleeve 25 into the eylinder ahove the pistoin27. The eylinder 1 whivh wasI previoual)v filled with water, in the manner that the evlinder 2 has inst heen deserihed as henner filledl with water, is emptied, sinee the 'water therein is 'forcedoutwardly or displaced hv the air or pressure-fluid. Thus, supposing the cylinder l to lie Jf'ull ot water with the sleeve 211- raised to seat the. respective valve 35), and with the valve 35 raised to the upper end ot the sleeve. 24, the air will enter the cylinder l to displace the. water. The air will flow `from the live air Ythen be forced downwardly opposite position.

chamber 59 through the pori; 537,1"passageI with, the vent aperture 40 permittingtheA .water to How out of the sleeve 24. The. water flows from within the cylinder 1 through the openings 33 and opening 29 to the passage 9, and when the water above the openings 33 is all discharged, the valve 35 will seat upon the seat 31 to close the opening 29, and this'will prevent the escape of air from the cylinder' .1 through the opening 29 and passage 9. Furthern'iore, the passage through the piston 26 being closed, causes the compressed air within the cylinder 1 to force the piston QGdownwardly, and this will carry the sleeve 24- downwardly to unseat the respective valve C39, and the air may then escapeup through the nipple 50, and passage 52 into the upper yend oi the chamber 54. The air in entering the upper end of the chamber 5st will seat the upper valve 96 of the piston 9() to close the upper passage 93, and the piston 90 will within the chamber 54 so as to swing the linger 89 downwardly and swing the valve 63 to its The -valve 9G being seat ed will unseat the lower valve 97, and allow the air to escape from the lower portion of the chamber 54 through the passage opening 91, opening 87, and passage 88 into the dead air chamber 58, and thence to the atmosphere. Due to the fact that the valve 63 is re` versed, in the manner just indicated, the port G8 will will be covered, while the port GG will be uncovered and the port G7 will be covered. This lwill'reverse the operation, since the cylinders l and 2 are now brought into communication with the d-ead air and live air chambers, respectively. Thus, the port ('36 being uncovered will allow the air to flow therethrmigh, the port G9 in being covered preventing the. dead air chamber 70, 'flexible connection 7 and Sfi into the cylinder 7, and passages S1 2 to displace the water therefrom in the manner that the water was displaced from the cylinder' 1. The port GS beinguncovered, and the port 67 being covered. brings the cylinder 1 1n communication with the dead air chamber 5S,

17, p ipe.

be uncovered and the port 69v air from passing into the 58 and `constraining the" air to pass downwardly through the passage since the air is allowed to pass from the cylindex' 1 through the passage 82, passage 80.I flexible conductor 7 6, passage 71 and port 68 into the chamber 58. The water is thus allowed to flow` by gravity into the cylinder 1, and the water within the cylinder l2 will be forced out through the passage 10 into the passage 18, thence up through the pipe 19v and passage Q0. Since the operation fis just the reverse of the operation above described, a reiteration is not deemed necessary, it being evident that when the water is discharged from the cylinder Q, the valve 36'will be seated over the opening 30 to move the piston Q7 and sleeve 25 downwardly so as to open the passage through the nipple 48 to allow the air to flow through the pipe 51 and passage 53 into the lower end of the chamber 5l, which will causethe piston 90 to move upwardly within the chamber 54 for reversing the valve G3 to its original iosition, the valve97 beinfr seated andthe valve-9G unseated tor allowing the air to eS- cape from the upper portion of the chamber Trl. through the passage. 9?. opening,r 91, opening S7 and passage 0S to (be dead air chamber 58. The twin cylinders are thus alternately filled and emptied autonmtically, whereby the water is raised in a practically continuous stream. The valves 'lil and 14 prevent Athe retrograde movement of the water back into the cylinders from the water outlet passage, and the check valves .21 and prevent the accidental (lischarge of the water from the lower ends of the cylinders through the inlets (i and 7. nnscated for an instant, during the reversing ofthe valve (33, and are immediately seated by the springs 45, after the valve 63 is reversed. The flexible tubes or conductors 7 G and 77 permit the valve (i3 to oscillate without interrupting the flow of air between the valve 03 and the cylinders, and the ports (38 and G9 are arranged to both `be closed when the valve lill is at an intermediate position. This will 'prevent the live air from-escaping from the chamber flthrough the1 valve (33 into the ch'alnber 58, during the time that the valve is being reversed. The sleeves 24 and 25 provide guides for the valves and 36, respectively, and also serve to carry the valves 9 for controlling the ad- The valves 39 are only mission of air into the inlet ends of the pasl sages communicating with the ends of the chamber 5ft. The parts v3, 4, 56 and 57 also provide a. body ried thereby, as will be apparent.

Having thus described the invention, what isclaimed as new is: l

1. T he combination in a pneumatic pump, a cylinder, an air outlet passage, a piston working within the cylinder and having an opening, a guide carried by the piston, a buoyant valve guided by said guide and seat-able over the opening of the piston, a

or. frame for the parts carvalve carriedrby the guide for closing the air outlet passage, and means for yieldingly moving the guide to seat the last mentioned valve.

2. The combination in a pneumatic pump, a cylinder havingan airoutlet a piston movable within, the cylinder and'having an opening, a buoyant valve seatalile over said opening, a second valve connected to the piston to be moved therewith and operable for closing said passage, and means for yieldably moving the piston to cause the last mentioned valve to normally close said passage.

3. The combination in a pneumatic pump, a cylinder, a depending nipple therein providing an air outlet for the cylinder, a spring pressed member movable Within the cylinder' and having a valve at one end seatable against the nipple to normally close the passage therethrough, a piston attached toA said member and movable snugly Within the cylinder, the piston having a opening, and

a buoyant valve guided by said member and seatable over the opening of the piston.

1l. The combination in a pneumatic pump, a vertical cylinder, a depending air outlet pipe therein, a plate attached to the llower 'end of said pipe and having a depending nipple in communication with said pipe and provided with a valve seat, a vertically movable member within the cylinder having portions slidable through said plate, springs' between said portions and plate for normally raisingsaid member, said member having a valve at its upper end to seat against said nipple, a piston attached to said member and working snugly within the cylinder, the piston having an opening, and buoyant valve guided by said member and seatable over the opening of the piston.

5. The combination in a pneumatic pump, a vertical cylinder, having an air outlet passage, a sleeve movable vertically within the 'cylinder and having openings for 'the passage of water therethrough, a piston secured to the lower end of the sleeve and working snugly Within the cylinder', the piston having an opening, a buoyant valve n'iounted :within the sleeve and seatable over said opening of the piston, a valvev carried by the upper end oi the sleeve and arranged 'to close said passage, and means for yieldingly raising the sleeve. `f

t. lThe ccnbination in a pneumatic pump, a vertical cylinder, a .depending air outlet pipe within the cylinder, a member carried by the lower end of said pipe and havin;r a 'valve seat, a vertically movable sleeve within the cylinder', the upper end of the sleeve having means engaging said member to guide the sleeve, spring means between said means and said member, for yieldingly raising the sleeve, a valv cartwo pairs, and a passage extending from l ried by the upper'ot the sleeve to seat against said seat. a piston movable snugly within the cylinder and attached to the lower end l' the sleevev` the sleeve having openings 4therein for the passage of water therethrough, the piston havirngr a central opening, and a buoyant valve movable within the sleeve and seatable over the openingI ot' the piston.

7. The combination lin a pneumatic pump, a pair ot' verticalv cylinders, a body attached to the upper ends thereof and having live and dead air chambers, an oscillatory valve journaled within the body and projecting within said chambers, the valve having a pair of portswithin each cham ber, a passage connecting one port of one pair and one port ot' another pair, a passage connecting the other'ports of the one port of each'pair, a flexible conductor, connected to the last mentioned passage 'of each pair of ports, the body having passages communicating with the upper ends of the cylinders and to which the exible conductors are connected, means within said chambers and coperating with the ports whereby when the valve is oscillated, the ports will be alternately covered andl un-v covered for' alternately establishing communication between the cylinders and live and dead air chambers, and means for oscillating the valve.

S. The combination in a pneumatic pump, a pair of vertical cylinders, a body attached to the upper ends thereof and havin'glive and dead air chambers, an oscillatory valve journaled within the body and projecting Within said chambers, the valve having a pairoil ports within each chamber, a passage connecting one port ot' one pair and one port ofl another pair, a passage connecting the other ports of the two pairs, and a passage extending from one port of each pair, a flexible conductor connected to the last mentioned passage ofeach pair of ports, the body having passages confnnuni-` eating with the upper ends ot' the cylinders and to which the flexible conductors are connected, rotatable' disks Within said chambers and bearing against said valve to, cover and' uncover the respective ports when they valve is oscillated, and whereby the cylinders are alternately brought into communication with the live and dead air chambers, and means for oscillating the valve. v

5). The combination in a pneumatic pump, a pair of vertical oylinders,'a head secured to the upper ends .thereof and having an upstanding portion, tray-shaped members havf ing their rims secured -to opposite sides of sai-d portion and providing live and dead air chambers, a cylindrical valve gournaled through said portion and proJectlng into said chambers, the valve having a pair of ports within each chamber, a passage between one port oi' one pair and one port of another pair, and a passage between the other ports of the two pairs, a `flexible conductor connected to one port of each pair, the head and said portion having a pair of passages communicating with the upper ends of the cylinders and to which the said fiexible conductors are connected, means for oscillating the valve, and members carried by the opposite sides of said portion and coperatiug with said ports for covering vand uncovering them, whereby the cylinders are alternately brought into communication with the live and dead air chambers when the valve is oscillated.

10. The combination in a pneumatic pump, a pair of vertical cylinders, a head secured to the upper ends thereof and having an upstanding portion, tray-shaped members having their rims secured to opposite sides of said portion and providing live and deadair chambers, a cylindrical v alve journaled through said portion and proJecting into said chambers, the valve having a pair of ports within each chamber, a pas sage between one port of one pair and one port of another pair, and a 'passage between the other ports of the t/wo pairs, a flexible conductor connected y, t/o one port of each pair, thehead andfsaid portion having a pair of passages communicating with the upper ends of the cylinders and to which said flexible conductors are connected, means for oscillating the valve, pintles carried by the opposite sides of the said portion within. said chambers, and rotary disks mounted upon said pintles and bearing" against the valve for covering and uncoveru ing the respective ports, whereby the cylinders are alternately brought into communication with the live and dead air chambers when the valve is oscillated.

11. The combination in a pneumatic punip,'a body having a chamber and air passages communicating` with the opposite ends thereof, a reversible valve device carried by the body, a piston movable within said chamber and operatively connected to said valve device, 'the piston' having an opening between its ends, the body having an outlet passage communicating with said opening, the piston having passages extending from its ends to said opening,1 a stem extending slidably through said passages of thepiston and having valves at its ends seatable against the ends of the piston whereby when one valve is seated the otherwill be unseated.

12. The combination in a pneumatic pump, a pair of vertical cylinders, a body secured to the upper ends thereof and having live and dead air chambers and a third chamber, an oscillatory valve journaled within the body and projecting Within the live and dead air chambers, the valve having a pair of ports within each. of the live and dead air chambers, a passage between one port of one pair and one port of the other pair, and a passage between the'other ports of the two pairs, a flexible conductor connected to one port of each pair, the body having a pair of passages communicating with the upper ends of the cylinders and to which the respective flexible conductors are connected, members within the live and dead air chambers and cooperating with said ports to cover and uncover the same when the valve is oscillated, whereby the cylinders will be alternately brought into communi-y cationV with the'live and dead air chambers, the body having passages establishing comchamber andthe respective cylinders, means or closing the last mentioned passages when the cylinders are iilled with liquid and for,

opening 'said passages when the cylinders are emptied, the body having an opening between the third chamber and valve, the

valve having a finger projecting .through lWitnesses:

H. A. LATTA, R. P. WAGNER.

munieation between the ends of the third v 

